英文腦改造計畫 Step4_改變英文閱讀策略
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在前三篇步驟中，我們分享了單字和句型的學習秘訣。
今天，讓我們帶著先前學的知識，進入閱讀主題，看看哪些策略可以幫助我們在閱讀時切換成英文腦。
大多數人從國中開始接觸英文篇章閱讀。
在台灣主流的教學方式無非是請學生大聲把文章唸出來。
對老師來說這樣是一兼二顧，同時讓學生練習閱讀，還可以糾正發音。
不過對學生來說，卻留下了看到文章不唸出來會怪怪的後遺症。
唸出聲哪裡不好？
唸出聲確實是種練習方式，對某些學習者來說，能流暢唸完全文會帶來滿滿成就感。
但如果太過於注意發音以及單字個別的意思，往往讀完文章還是不解通篇語意，非常可惜。
究竟該怎麼唸？
今天就來和各位分享宏觀及微觀兩種閱讀策略。
1.宏觀閱讀策略：依轉折詞及副詞判斷文意走向。
各位從小到大應該或多或少聽過老師傳授的考試閱讀技巧：略讀(skimming)。
略讀大致上就是：在第一段(opening)找本文大意，然後在正文(body)每段的首句找主題句(topic sentence)，最後在末段找結論。這樣的策略確實通常能應付閱讀測驗。但在生活、新聞、職場、旅行遇到英文時，若純粹使用略讀技巧，能了解的只是全文的片面，少之又少。
因此，我們需要以宏觀角度，練習用轉折詞及副詞來判斷整體文意走向。如此不僅能理解通篇邏輯，也能更節省閱讀完統整訊息的心力。
2.微觀閱讀策略：抓出關鍵達到最有效率的理解
要抓出關鍵其實非常容易，就是辨別文句中的「人事時地物」。把這些關鍵字拼湊起來，就足以解讀整段的訊息。這個部分相當直覺，我們直接在下方看例子。
舉例來說
In Taiwan, when we want to drink some water, we can just pop into the nearest convenience store and buy a bottle. It’s not that easy in some countries, though. Some people have to walk great distances to find a river or well, and others have to actually gather their water from the air around them. In several of the world’s remote, high-altitude desert areas, clouds of fog are the best sources of clean drinking water.
To collect water from fog, you need to set up a net that will trap and capture the water particles held in a cloud. A Canadian nonprofit organization called FogQuest has been installing nets in poor regions around the world for about ten years. Their nets are 40 square meters in size, and several of them are usually used at each fog collection site.
While the size and positioning of nets are carefully calculated and based on years of scientific research, the nets themselves are very low-tech. FogQuest actually uses a cheap agricultural material as they say it works well and helps them to keep project costs down. The nets don’t catch a huge amount of water, about one liter for every square meter of material, but that’s still enough to make a huge difference in the lives of thousands of people.
這整段看完應該有一種「似乎每個字都看得懂，但合在一起卻看不懂」的感覺。
但如果我們把「轉折詞和副詞」及「人事時地物等關鍵詞」標註起來：
In Taiwan, when we want to drink some water, we can just pop into the nearest convenience store and buy a bottle. It’s not that easy in some countries, though. Some people have to walk great distances to find a river or well, and others have to actually gather their water from the air around them. In several of the world’s remote, high-altitude desert areas, clouds of fog are the best sources of clean drinking water.
To collect water from fog, you need to set up a net that will trap and capture the water particles held in a cloud. A Canadian nonprofit organization called FogQuest has been installing nets in poor regions around the world for about ten years. Their nets are 40 square meters in size, and several of them are usually used at each fog collection site.
While the size and positioning of nets are carefully calculated and based on years of scientific research, the nets themselves are very low-tech. FogQuest actually uses a cheap agricultural material as they say it works well and helps them to keep project costs down. The nets don’t catch a huge amount of water, about one liter for every square meter of material, but that’s still enough to make a huge difference in the lives of thousands of people.
從藍色的部分，我們可以由just(只要)看見在台灣取得乾淨飲用水的便利性；由not(不)和though(不過)看見語意的轉折，預測接下來文章會出現反例；由actually(其實；竟然)可知該句話要以不尋常的例子描述取水不便的辛苦；由while(雖然)可預測接下來會出現令人驚訝的事實：雖然經過精密計算，但此科技為低階科技；由最後的but(但)和still(仍然)可看出最後的語氣轉折，敘述即使此取水科技效率不慎理想，仍然能改變許多人的生活品質。
而黃色部分則是關鍵字。若是在閱讀時特別留意這些字，就能回答以下問題：
True or false?
1. ( ) It is easy to have access to clean water in Taiwan.
2. ( ) In the mountains, the best way to get clean drinking water is through clouds of fog.
3. ( ) FogQuest uses nets made of pricy materials, and that's why they work effectively.
4. ( )Many people's lives have been changed because of the water collection technology mentioned in the article.
總結：切換閱讀英文腦步驟
1.停止在閱讀時讀出聲的習慣
2.了解文章常見的副詞及轉折詞以及其意涵
3.學會透過副詞及轉折詞預測文意走向
4.學會抓取關鍵字，不拘泥於了解每個字
5.練習將以上線索拼湊成完整訊息
嘗試新策略之初一定會經歷磨合期。但只要堅持下去，多練習，就能更迅速掌握文章脈絡。
以上就是英文腦改造計畫的Step 4。歡迎點擊下方連結觀看影片解說。我們Step 5見囉！
👉 Step 4影片連結：https://youtu.be/77mqsiIGsEU
Answers: OXXO