【文法懶人包】使役動詞怎麼用?何時接原形動詞?何時接過去分詞?
英文中有一類動詞稱為「使役動詞」,常見的有:let、make、have、get,雖然都是「使(某人)做(某事);使(某事)發生」的意思,但使用情境和語意有些不同,下面列出比較給大家:
✦ 句型用法:
① 接原形動詞為「主動」,表示受詞主動去做動作
S + let / make / have + O + V
S + get + O + to V
② 接過去分詞為「被動」,表示受詞被動地接受動作
S + get / make / have + O + V-p.p.
S + let + O + be V-p.p.
✦ 語意的差異:
① let:表達「允許;讓」,比較涉及人的意願
My sister let me wear her dress to the school party.
我姊姊讓我穿她的洋裝去參加學校的舞會。
Kellie let Josh borrow her backpack for his weekend hiking trip.
凱莉讓喬許借她的背包去參加周末的健行活動。
Maggie's mom lets her watch TV after dinner.
瑪姬的媽媽允許她在晚飯後看電視。
✱ let在被動用法中句型為 let + 受詞 + be + p.p.
The teacher thought they should let their students' opinions be heard.
老師們認為他們應該讓學生們的意見被聽見。(被動:意見被聽見)
② make:通常帶有「命令、迫使(某人);造成、導致(某事)」之意
My parents always make me do my homework before I go out.
我的父母總是要我在外出前做完作業。
The funny movie made me laugh so hard.
這部有趣的電影讓我笑到不行。
Many public schools in Taiwan make their students wear uniforms.
許多臺灣的公立學校規定學生要穿制服。
③ have:多用於「要求;交付」他人作分內該做之事
Kelly had the waiter clean her table before she sat down.
凱莉要求服務生在她坐下前把桌面清乾淨。
The driving teacher had her student drive the car around the block and then practice parking.
駕訓班老師要求她的學生繞著街區開車,然後練習停車。
The bank worker had me fill out a form before I could open an account.
那位銀行行員要求我在開戶前填好表格。
You should either have your broken glasses fixed or buy a new pair.
你要不把壞掉的眼鏡拿去修,要不就買一副新的。(被動:眼鏡被修)
➃ get 「說服或要求」 某人做事
get 句型與前三者稍微不一樣,後面接的不是原形動詞而是不定詞 to V。
Dad got Katie to walk the dog by telling her she could buy candy on the way home.
凱蒂的爸爸告訴凱蒂她可以在回家的路上買糖果,藉此說服了她去遛狗。
✦ 差異統整:
使役動詞 | 語意用法 | 主動 | 被動 |
let | 表達允許或讓人做某事 | 原V | be V-p.p. |
make | 帶有命令或迫使之意 | 原V | V-p.p. |
have |
用於要求他人做分內之事
|
原V | V-p.p. |
get | 說服或要求去做某事 | to+V | V-p.p. |