什麼是「與過去事實相反」的if 條件句？
相信大家都曾有「早知道…就…」的後悔時刻吧？英文可以用if條件子句中「與過去事實相反」的假設語氣來表達，if 帶領的假設句使用「過去完成式」，主要子句則使用「過去助動詞 + have + p.p.」。
⭐ 句型：If + S + had + p.p...., S + would/could/should/might + have + p.p....
If Tom had passed the ball to me, I could have scored and we would have won the soccer match.
如果湯姆當時有傳球給我，我就能得分，我們就能贏得那場足球賽。（但湯姆當時並沒有傳球給說話者。）
⭐ had 可移至 if 子句的句首，刪掉 if，形成倒裝句型：
Had + S + p.p...., S + would/could/should/might + have + p.p....
Had Minnie driven to work, she might have been late because of the traffic.
如果米妮開車去上班，她可能就會因為交通的關係遲到。
→ 一般句型寫為 If Minnie had driven to work, she might have been late because of the traffic.
⭐ 假設語氣亦可混合使用，亦即 if 子句是與過去事實相反的條件，主要子句則是與現在事實相反的結果，表示「若過去…現在就（不）會…」之意，if 子句的時態為「過去完成式」，而主要子句的時態為「過去助動詞 + 原形動詞」。通常兩個子句會明顯地提示發生的時間，句型如下：
If + S + had + p.p...., S + would/could/should/might + V...
If we hadn't talked to Bill about that false news story, he would still believe that Earth is flat.
如果我們沒有和比爾談論那則假新聞，他現在可能還相信地球是平的。
⭐ if的四種條件句→基本句型認識
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