分裂句又稱強調句：用以強調句子中的特定內容
英文句子中若要強調某個特定部分，可以用分裂強調句「It is/was… that…」，將要強調的部分放在 be 動詞之後、that 之前，再將其餘的部分放在 that 之後。
在此句型中，It屬於虛主詞，本身不具任何意義，作用是將句子的結構改變；be 動詞則隨原句改變時態。被強調的部分可以是主詞、受詞、補語、時間、地點等。
強調主詞
The big, white dog attacked the small child.
→ It was the big, white dog that attacked the small child.
攻擊那個小朋友的就是那隻巨大的白狗。
強調受詞
Sarah mistakenly took her friend's umbrella.
→ It was her friend's umbrella that Sarah mistakenly took.
莎拉錯拿到的是她朋友的雨傘。
A: Who did you see in the shopping mall yesterday?
B: It was Brad Pitt that I saw in the shopping mall yesterday!
A：你昨天在百貨公司看到誰啊？
B：我昨天在百貨公司看到的是布萊德・彼特！
(還原直述句為：I saw Brad Pitt in the shopping mall yesterday!)
強調時間
I made the decision to move to Taiwan nine years ago.
→ It was nine years ago that I made the decision to move to Taiwan.
九年前，我下定決心要搬到臺灣。
Many people put on thick jackets not long after December started.
→ It was not long after December started that many people put on thick jackets.
有許多人在十二月開始沒多久後穿上厚外套。
強調地點
I discovered my love of green tea in Kyoto.
→It was in Kyoto that I discovered my love of green tea.
我是在京都發現了我對綠茶的喜愛。
強調補語
It is with great pleasure that I write this letter to let you know you've been accepted into the university.
我非常高興地寫這封信通知您，您已經被我們大學錄取了。
(在正式情況下，也常使用分裂強調句型寫作。)
如果強調的部分是人時，可依主受格將 that 改為who/whom。
Tracey's mom called her late last night.
→ It was Tracey's mom who called her late last night.
昨天深夜打給翠西的人是她的媽媽。
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