英文中常見的轉折詞
「轉折詞」是在句與句之間讓敘述連貫或產生語氣轉折，使得上下文意和邏輯得以通順合理的字詞。現在就讓我們來認識認識它們吧！
轉折詞 ≠ 連接詞
轉折詞是「副詞」，不是連接詞，位置通常放在句首加上逗點；但有時也會出現在句中，這時必須藉由句點（.）或分號（；）來連接兩個獨立子句。
Susan still felt ill this morning ; however, she still went to school.
今天早上蘇珊覺得不舒服，然而她還是去上學。
轉折詞有哪些？
按語氣轉承的功能約略分出8種類型，以下一一介紹：
✦ 表示「附加」：
（besides、in addition、additionally、furthermore、moreover、even more、even better、even worse 等等。 ）
Andrea studies very hard after school; in addition, she helps her parents with the housework.
放學後，安德莉亞用功唸書；此外，她還幫忙父母做家事。
Tim got a gift from his friend for his birthday. Even better, it was the toy that he had always wanted.
提姆從朋友那裡收到一份生日禮物。更棒的是，這份禮物是它夢寐以求的玩具。
✦ 表示「對比」：
（however、nevertheless、still、yet、by contrast、in comparison、on the other hand、on the contrary 等等。）
Fred and Nick are brothers. Fred is nearly 190 centimeters (cm) tall. By contrast, Nick is only 165 cm tall.
弗萊德和尼克是兄弟。弗萊德身高將近 190 公分。相較之下，尼克只有 165 公分高。
We thought English was hard. However, now we're good at it because we practiced.
我們之前絕的英文我們之前覺得英文很難。不過因為練習的緣故，現在我們英文都很好。
There are serious problems in our country. Nonetheless, we feel this is a good time to return.
我們國家存在嚴重問題。但儘管如此，我們仍然覺得這是歸國的好時機。
Our team lost the game. Still, it eas a valuable experience that we learned a lot from.
我們隊輸了比賽。然而，這是一次很寶貴的經驗，我們受益良多。
✦ 表示「因果」：
（therefore、hence、as a result、consequently、in consequence、accordingly、thus、otherwise 等等。）
Seth didn't study hard enough for the test. As a result, he got a poor grade.
塞斯沒有認真準備考試。因此，他得到很低的分數。
The supermarket isn't very far from Paula's house. Therefore, she walks there instead of taking the bus.
超市就在離寶拉家不遠處。因此，她步行到那邊，而非搭公車。
They come from completely different backgrounds. Accordingly, they have different values.
他們在全然不同的背景下成長。因此，他們有不同的價值觀。
✦ 表示「順序、列舉」：
（firstly、secondly、thirdly、next、afterward(s)、then、meanwhile、finally、lastly、eventually、last but not least、for one thing、for another 等等。 ）
Noah has a couple of reasons why he likes jogging in the morning. For one thing, it is good exercise and helps him stay healthy. For another, it helps him put his worries aside and relax.
諾亞喜歡在晨間慢跑有幾個原因。一來，慢跑是很好的運動，有助於他保持健康。二來，慢跑可以讓他拋開煩惱，放鬆心情。
Vincent thanked his mother, father, sister, and, last but not least, his friends for helping him with his novel.
文森謝謝他的母親、父親、妹妹，最後還有同樣重要的朋友，幫他完成小說。
Lisa was preparing dinner in the kitchen when we arrived. Meanwhile, her husband was setting the table in the dining room.
我們抵達時，麗莎正在廚房裡準備晚餐。同時，她的丈夫在餐廳裡擺設餐具。
✦ 表示「強調」：
（basically、indeed、actually、in fact、surely、as a matter of fact、unquestionably、above all、most importantly 等等。）
The film I saw yesterday was really good; in fact, I think it may be the best movie I’ve ever seen.
我昨天看的那部電影很好看。事實上，我認為那可能是我所看過最棒的電影。
Ryan wants to buy a new apartment, and he has some particular demands it has to meet. Above all, it must be located in a quiet neighborhood.
雷恩想要買一間新公寓，他有一些特定的要求新公寓必須要符合。最重要的是，房子必須位於幽靜的社區。
✦ 表示「闡述」：
（namely、in other words、that is (to say) 等等。 ）
There's a note on Sam's door that says "Do not disturb." In other words, Sam would like to be left alone for a while.
山姆的門上有張紙條寫著「請勿打擾」。換言之，山姆想要獨處一會兒。
We must arrive at the airport by 7 a.m. That is to say, we should probably leave right now.
我們必須在早上七點之前抵達機場。也就是說，我們現在應該出門了。
✦ 表示「結論」：
（in short、in brief、in a word、to be brief、to sum up、in summary 等等。）
Mr. Lee is kind, honest, and compassionate. In short, he is a man of fine character.
李先生善良、誠實且富有同情心。簡言之，他是位品行良好的人。
I have 30 essays to mark, a final exam to create, and three classes to teach. In brief, I can't take on anything else.
我有三十份作文要評分、一份期末考卷要出題，以及三堂課要上。簡言之，我無法再接任何工作了。
✦ 表示「概述」：
（generally、overall、by and large、in general、on the whole、all in all、as usual、as a rule、in most cases 等等。）
On the whole, you did well on the test, with only a few mistakes.
大體而言，你考得相當不錯，只犯了一些錯誤而已。
By and large, the hottest time of year in Taiwan is between June and August.
大致上，一年中臺灣最熱的時候是六月到八月之間。
In most cases, we are allowed to pick our partners when we do experiments in Ms. Hsieh’s science class.
我們在謝老師的科學課做實驗時，多半可以挑選自己的搭檔。
All in all, it is immoral to use animals for testing cosmetics.
總之，用動物做化妝品測試是不道德的行為。
✦ 其他：similarly、likewise、after all、anyway、in a sense、to some extent、at any rate 等等。
To some extent, Jerome was responsible for the car accident.
就某種程度而言，傑洛姆要為這場車禍負責。
You shouldn't be so stubborn all the time. Similarly, Zach should learn to respect your opinions.
你不應該總是這樣固執。同樣地，查克也應該學著尊重你的意見。
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